SHRI01

Definition:
A pump is a mechanical device used to move fluids (liquids or gases) from one location to another using suction or pressure.

Function:
Converts mechanical energy (from motors or engines) into hydraulic energy to move fluids.

Main Components:

• Impeller or piston (depending on type)

• Casing or housing

• Suction and discharge ports

• Shaft and bearings

• Seal or packing system

Types of Pumps:

• Centrifugal Pumps – Use a rotating impeller; best for large volumes and low viscosity fluids.

• Positive Displacement Pumps – Move a fixed amount of fluid per cycle; ideal for high-pressure or viscous fluids.

• Submersible Pumps – Operate underwater, typically in wells or drainage systems.

• Gear, Diaphragm, and Peristaltic Pumps – Specialized types for specific applications.

Applications:

• Industrial – Process industries, chemical plants, power generation

• Residential – Water supply, pressure boosting

• Agricultural – Irrigation, fertigation

• Municipal – Water treatment, sewage systems

• Oil & Gas – Pipeline transport, drilling operations

Materials Used:

• Cast iron, stainless steel, bronze, or plastic depending on fluid type and corrosion resistance requirements.

Performance Parameters:

• Flow rate (Q) – Volume per unit time (e.g., LPM, GPM)

• Head (H) – Height the pump can raise fluid

• Power (P) – Input energy required

• Efficiency – Ratio of output to input power

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